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- going from rich conversational human data into structured data for analysis
- line by line analysis, ask what is happening and what it represents
- create initial codes that are close to data, less analytical
- identify conditions, interactions, consequences, causal links
- develop subcategories and properties
- use in vivo coding alongside open coding for in depth understanding
- open coding: breaking down data into small parts and labelling them
- axial coding: connecting those labels/codes to find relationships and meaningful patterns
- selective coding: identifying your core concept by seeing how codes relate to one another and building your final theory around that central story
- First-Order (Descriptive or Nominal): in vivo coding
- Second-Order (Interpretive/Data-Driven): use emerging theories for further data as you go
- Third-Order (Theory-Driven): use external theories or conceptual frameworks