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- follow curiosity
- challenge assumptions and narratives
- consider what is know, unknown and contested
- start small, be critical and make links between sources.
- use it iteratively, consider how each source informs your own methods
- literature review justifies your research
- what are current trends and how to fit within and diverge from
- check sources of other papers, can refute or back up other research
- more like film review - own perspective and critical analysis
- provides your context to move forward
- use other people’s work to situate your work
- we have assumptions to confirm/correct
- form relation to others interested in the topic
- does it make sense in the current context or publishing context
- locate and engage with existing works
- synthesise existing knowledge and ideas
- can concern web sources/social media/web platforms also, wider inspirations
- show how each source contributes to our understanding of the research problem
- how the sources connect — plus new perspectives from their combination
- understand how existing work relates to your inquiry
- identify tensions or gaps
- position your own practice and methods within these conversations
- could be academic articles, book chapters, policy reports, design case studies, or examples of speculative practice
- reflect on the assumptions, frameworks, and methods used
- make connections
- explain how each source informs your own framing/choices.
- comparative analysis - highlight differences and similarities, strengths and weaknesses
- historical analysis - traces evolution of ideas over time
- methodological analysis, strengths and weaknesses of research designs
- theoretical analysis - assess validity and applicability of conceptual frameworks
- identify patterns or themes
- construct taxonomies, classifications to organise
- visual maps to illustrate relationships between concepts
- develop integrative frameworks to combine insights from various studies
- What assumptions are made in this text?
- Who is included or excluded in the analysis?
- How does the text frame inequality, power, or justice — or does it avoid doing so?
- Could you apply or adapt this methodology? Why or why not?
- What new questions or directions did the text open up?